Sequence stratigraphy is a working methodology that. Sequence stratigraphy is the subdivision of the stratigraphic record on the basis of bounding discontinuities. Here we develop the sequence stratigraphy and onlap offlap history for a 33my interval of the carboniferous using the upb calibrated succession of the donets basin, ukraine, in order to assess the relationship between sealevel, highlatitude changes in glacial extent, and climate. Click on the movie titled introduction to basic concepts of sequence stratigraphy.
Seismic reflection terminations, also termed lapout, are stratal discontinuities recognized on seismic sections that separate apparently conformable sedimentary units from nonconformable units, forming the basis of seismic sequence stratigraphy. The sequence stratigraphic approach yields depositional. In theory, this has some merit, but the main problem with. We offer consulting services in seismic stratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology and geomodeling. Published online by the canadian society of petroleum. Principles of sequence stratigraphy octavian catuneanu. Ssis supports full sequence stratigraphic analysis. Sequence stratigraphy is the study of sediments and sedimentary rocks in terms. Highresolution sequence stratigraphy in prograding miocene.
The fsst is characterized by stratal offlap, although this is likely to be difficult or imposs. Definition of sequence stratigraphy sequence stratigraphy is a methodology that provides a framework for the elements of any depositional setting, facilitating paleogeographic reconstructions and the prediction of facies and lithologies away from control. Sequence stratigraphy as predictive tool in lower goru. We use classic criteria to identify sequence boundaries on seismic profiles by reflection terminations onlap, downlap, erosional truncation, and toplap, in cores by. Sequence stratigraphy is a working methodology that emphasizes the importance of breaks in the stratigraphic record for the definition of sequences. Principles of sequence stratigraphy provides an indepth coverage and impartial assessment of all current ideas and models in the field of sequence stratigraphy. Sequence stratigraphy training course petroskills sqs. It examines differing approaches to how the sequence stratigraphic method. These architectural patterns are similar to progradational sequences seen. Practical sequence stratigraphy was originally published as a fifteenpart series in the canadian society of petroleum geologists monthly magazine, the reservoir, between may 2008 and september 2009. Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy.
Seismic stratigraphy is often divided into several subareas. Sequence stratigraphy is the study of genetically related facies within a framework of chronostratigraphically significant surfaces. Seismic stratigraphy has now become one of the standard tools of the geoscientist, and there is a pressing need for an introductory text on sequence stratigraphy. Understanding the portfolio of sequence methodologies, application of modern stratigraphic techniques. Sequence stratigraphy dominic emery, keith myers download. Sequence stratigraphy is useful for analyzing cycles that range, in duration, from the 10 ka to 50 ma scale. Sequence stratigraphy is a branch of geology that attempts to subdivide and link sedimentary deposits into unconformity bound units on a variety of scales and explain these stratigraphic units in terms of variations in sediment supply and variations in the rate of change in accommodation space relative sea level, the combination of eustatic sea level and tectonic subsidence. This online guide is primarily aimed at the application of sequence stratigraphy to outcrops. This is the essence of sequence stratigraphy subdividing the stratigraphic record into chronologically distinct units using erosional and maximum flooding surfaces as timespecific marker beds. Until recently, sequence stratigraphic models have attributed. These discontinuities, based on seismic reflection terminations, are indicators of depositional sequences and system tracts formed by one or more of. This textbook thoroughly develops fundamental concepts of sequence stratigraphy that links baselevel changes to sedimentary deposits. Thesurfacetopographytendsto adjusttobaselevelbylongtermcontinentaldenudation. Jul 22, 2019 stratigraphy 10 any package of sedimentary strata bounded above and below by an unconformity of any kind is a sequence.
Sequence stratigraphy, based on sedimentary response to changes in relative sea level gives the explorationist and the development geoscientist a powerful new predictive tool for regional basin analysis, shelf to basin correlation, and reservoir heterogeneity. As a result, none of the examples deal with topics related specifically to cores, well logs, or most significantly, seismic. Ashton embry for his work in making this series possible. Posamentier exxon production research company houston, texas and p. Patrice imbert, in developments in sedimentology, 2011. Paleontologic data, integrated with seismic and well log data, are an integral part of sequence stratigraphic analysis. In the older sequence stratigraphic literature especially in the 1980s and 1990s, there was considerable discussion of type 1 and type 2 sequences, concepts that have largely since been abandoned or ignored. Traditional sedimentology and stratigraphy judge formations to be the fundamental units of the rock record, and interpretation of sedimentary environments to be the essential product of stratigraphic studies.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Alongside 3d seismic, longreach horizontal drilling and the application of plate tectonics to exploration, sequence stratigraphy has been one of the greatest scientific advances within the petroleum geology industry of the last 50 years. The bottom three represent facies contacts developed within systems tracts. Vail riceuniversity, houston, texas it is important to establish the fundamental concepts of sequence stratigraphy and to define terminology critical for the communication of these concepts.
While seismic stratigraphy evolved to sequence stratigraphy in the late 1980s, the basic concepts outlined by campbell 1967, asquith 1970, and vail et al. Onlap, offlap, and the origin of unconformitybounded. Compared to correlative surfaces on global onlap offlap curves, thirdorder sequence boundaries that formed early in mission canyon platform development appear subdued, whereas those that formed later appear enhanced. Biostratigraphy in sequence stratigraphy aapg wiki. Offlap cannot be attributed solely to erosional truncation, but instead. Sequence stratigraphy lamontdoherty earth observatory. Such withintrend facies contacts may be marked on a sequence stratigraphic crosssection only after the sequence stratigraphic framework has been constructed. However, it is an important tool to the petroleum and mining industries. Stratal geometry unconformitybounded depositional sequences are. Focus on geology to define subsurface migration pathways.
Sequence stratigraphy quantitative sedimentology consortium. Onlap, ottlap, and the origin of unconformitybounded. They are typically characterized by onlap at the base and by offlap at the top, and they tend to be markedly asymmetrical, with onlap accounting for a larger part of any cycle of sedimentation than offlap. This workshop presents the concepts and practical applications of sequence stratigraphy for petroleum exploration and production. At applied stratigraphix we have described over 3 km of core on a cmscale from basins across the globe, as well as both carbonate and shale thinsections. An offlap break will likely occur at the shelf break or may even be considered by some to be the shoreline. Associated rampmargin wedges thicken and are composed of progressively larger proportions of peritidal lithofacies upward.
Now its time for you to deal with what sedimentary and volcanic rocks are like on a larger scale. Sequence stratigraphy field trip applied stratigraphix. Onlap, offlap, and the origin of unconformitybounded depositional sequences. Unconformitybounded depositional sequences represent the fundamental building blocks of sedimentary successions. Payton ce ed seismic stratigraphyapplications to hydrocarbon exploration. The intracratonic gulf of thailand basin was established in late mesozoicearly tertiary times by block faulting along ns and nnwsse trends. Pdf the recurrence of the same types of sequence stratigraphic surface through. Sequence stratigraphy american association of petroleum. Even though the physical dimensions of the outcrop might be fairly. Note that in the seismic stratigraphic literature the term submarine fan. Methodology and nomenclature part one concepts introduction 1. Stratigraphy 10 any package of sedimentary strata bounded above and below by an unconformity of any kind is a sequence.
Between the source areas that are subject to denudation and the marine shorelines, a variety of. Link to film on the sedimentary response to sea level. Pdf many sequence stratigraphic approaches have used relative sealevel curves. It is also an analytical procedure that provides a framework for stratigraphic units and their bounding surfaces elated to their genesis. Is there a role for sequence stratigraphy in chronostratigraphy. Clarifying the relationship between regional structural geology and the large scale configuration of sequences. Psuniting petrophysics and stratigraphy to decipher classified facies from a prestack 3d inversion. Predictive value of the sequence stratigraphy will be demonstrated through an integrated use of cores, wireline logs and seismic data. Madof 1 1department of earth and environmental sciences and lamontdoherty earth observatory of columbia university.
Sequence stratigraphy material for this chapter are mainly from the following articles. The recurrence of the same types of sequence stratigraphic surface through geologic time defines cycles of change in accommodation or sediment supply, which correspond to sequences in the rock record. Offshore south east asia conference, 1976 pages 6384 tertiary stratigraphy and sedimentation in the gulf of thailand. Sequence stratigraphy is a branch of geology that attempts to subdivide and link sedimentary deposits into unconformity bound units on a variety of. Because of the chronostratigraphic significance of outcrop stratal surfaces, welllog markers, and seismic reflections, the strata situated between them represent.
Sequence stratigraphy free download as powerpoint presentation. Concepts in stratigraphy stratigraphy basic concepts lithostratigraphy sequence stratigraphy sea level and sediment supply consequences of changes in sea level types of sequences biostratigraphy other types of stratigraphy basic principles steno 1669 principal of original horizontality sediments deposited as essentially horizontal beds. Madof 1 1department of earth and environmental sciences and lamontdoherty earth observatory of columbia university, palisades, new york 10964, usa 2school of earth and environmental sciences, queens college, city university of new york, flushing, new york 167, usa. Catuneanu, octavian 2006, principles of sequence stratigraphy, elsevier, pp 375. The innovation and refinement of the techniques and concepts of sequence stratigraphy has been one of the most exciting and profound developments in geology over the past thirty years. A conformable sequence of inclined strata, deposited during a marine. A steering cube contains at every sample position the local dip and azimuth of the seismic events. Selected papers and illustrated abstracts of the eighth annual. Paleogeographic reconstruction of facies belts at precise moments in time is the goal of the sequence stratigrapher.
Methods for studying sequence stratigraphy springerlink. Coined the term eustacy when he attributed patterns of onlap and offlap of serdimentary units to. Free web tutorials sequence stratigraphy, tutorials carbonate petrology, seismic interpretation sequence stratigraphy exercises lower cretaceous south africa, seismic interpretation sequence stratigraphy exercises bahamas miocene, seismic interpretation sequence stratigraphy exercises lower cretaceous alaska, clastic outcrop interpretation sequence stratigraphy exercises of bookcliffs. May 19, 2006 principles of sequence stratigraphy provides an indepth coverage and impartial assessment of all current ideas and models in the field of sequence stratigraphy. Wolfcamp and spraberry, howard county, midland basin stephen p. Oil i d t hoil industry has already invested billions. The depositional sequence as a basic unit for stratigraphic analysis. Most sequence stratigraphy trips are run in the book cliffs along the coloradoutah border, however our trip is run on outcrops that are well studied yet rarely frequented by others. We present and discuss the sequence stratigraphy tools that can be useful in exploring for this untapped potential of the lower goru play. Clarifying the relationship between regional structural geology and the largescale configuration of sequences.
The reason for choosing these is unlike the primarily horizontal strata of the book cliffs where one is almost always standing at the base of a cliff where all the. Environmental sequence stratigraphy essenvironmental sequence stratigraphy ess beauty of this approach is that the. Sequence stratigraphy as predictive tool in lower goru fairway, lower and middle indus platform, pakistan nadeem ahmad1, paul fink1, simon sturrock2, tariq mahmood1, and muhammad ibrahim1. Onlap, ottlap, and the origin of unconformitybounded depositional. Stratigraphy is the analysis of different rock formation through time and changing environments. The sequence stratigraphy is currently, on the one hand, a leading approach in the study of the internal structure of sedimentary basins, on the other hand, a creatively developing discipline, the. This geometric asymmetry of depositional sequences is also re sponsible for the familiar sawtooth shape of the. Mitchum jr r, vail p, thompson iii s 1977 seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, part 2. In the late 1970s, seismic data was interpreted stratigraphically to define packages of strata hundreds of meters thick that were deposited between sea level cycles that lasted 0. The sequence stratigraphic interpretation system plugin is an addon to the horizoncube.